Problem solving through exploration more

Problem-solving through exploration Zoe Demery ﾠ Image courtesy of James Russell Monday, 27 June 2011 What is exploration? Monday, 27 June 2011 What is exploration? • Perceptual & motor interactions with objects Monday, 27 June 2011 What is exploration? • Perceptual & motor interactions with • objects No immediate benefit/function? Monday, 27 June 2011 What is exploration? • Perceptual & motor interactions with • • objects No immediate benefit/function? To gather environmental information Monday, 27 June 2011 What is exploration? • Perceptual & motor interactions with • • • objects No immediate benefit/function? To gather environmental information Sometimes in parallel with another activity Monday, 27 June 2011 What is exploration? • Perceptual & motor interactions with • • • objects No immediate benefit/function? To gather environmental information Sometimes in parallel with another activity • Including: problem solving by goaldirected action Monday, 27 June 2011 Why is exploration interesting? Borst et al. (2009), Max-Planck Institute for Neurobiology: http://www.physorg.com/news168256071.html Perone, S., Madole, K. L., Ross-Sheehy, S., Carey, M., & Oakes, L. M. (2008). The relation between infants'™ activity with objects and attention to object appearance. Developmental Psychology, 44(5), 1242-8. Monday, 27 June 2011 Why is exploration interesting? • How do different species cope with all this vast environmental complexity from day 1? Borst et al. (2009), Max-Planck Institute for Neurobiology: http://www.physorg.com/news168256071.html Perone, S., Madole, K. L., Ross-Sheehy, S., Carey, M., & Oakes, L. M. (2008). The relation between infants'™ activity with objects and attention to object appearance. Developmental Psychology, 44(5), 1242-8. Monday, 27 June 2011 Why is exploration interesting? • How do different species cope with all this vast environmental complexity from day 1? • Little focus on how not what Borst et al. (2009), Max-Planck Institute for Neurobiology: http://www.physorg.com/news168256071.html Perone, S., Madole, K. L., Ross-Sheehy, S., Carey, M., & Oakes, L. M. (2008). The relation between infants'™ activity with objects and attention to object appearance. Developmental Psychology, 44(5), 1242-8. Monday, 27 June 2011 Why is exploration interesting? • How do different species cope with all this vast environmental complexity from day 1? • • Little focus on how not what Little systematic study & anthropocentric Borst et al. (2009), Max-Planck Institute for Neurobiology: http://www.physorg.com/news168256071.html Perone, S., Madole, K. L., Ross-Sheehy, S., Carey, M., & Oakes, L. M. (2008). The relation between infants'™ activity with objects and attention to object appearance. Developmental Psychology, 44(5), 1242-8. Monday, 27 June 2011 Why is exploration interesting? • How do different species cope with all this vast environmental complexity from day 1? • • • Little focus on how not what Little systematic study & anthropocentric Exploration just a random side effect? Borst et al. (2009), Max-Planck Institute for Neurobiology: http://www.physorg.com/news168256071.html Perone, S., Madole, K. L., Ross-Sheehy, S., Carey, M., & Oakes, L. M. (2008). The relation between infants'™ activity with objects and attention to object appearance. Developmental Psychology, 44(5), 1242-8. Monday, 27 June 2011 Our Three-stage Theory of Exploration Demery, Z., Rios, V. E. A., Sloman, A., Wyatt, J., & Chappell, J. (2010). Construct to Understand : Learning through Exploration. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on AI-Inspired Biology (pp. 59–61). Presented at the Proceedings of the International Symposium on AI-Inspired Biology. Chappell, J., Demery, Z. P., Arriola-Rios, V., & Sloman, A. (2011). How to build an information gathering and processing system: lessons from naturally and artificially intelligent systems. Behavioural Processes, 1–20. Monday, 27 June 2011 Our Three-stage Theory of Exploration Forming hypotheses Demery, Z., Rios, V. E. A., Sloman, A., Wyatt, J., & Chappell, J. (2010). Construct to Understand : Learning through Exploration. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on AI-Inspired Biology (pp. 59–61). Presented at the Proceedings of the International Symposium on AI-Inspired Biology. Chappell, J., Demery, Z. P., Arriola-Rios, V., & Sloman, A. (2011). How to build an information gathering and processing system: lessons from naturally and artificially intelligent systems. Behavioural Processes, 1–20. Monday, 27 June 2011 Our Three-stage Theory of Exploration Forming hypotheses Testing hypotheses Demery, Z., Rios, V. E. A., Sloman, A., Wyatt, J., & Chappell, J. (2010). Construct to Understand : Learning through Exploration. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on AI-Inspired Biology (pp. 59–61). Presented at the Proceedings of the International Symposium on AI-Inspired Biology. Chappell, J., Demery, Z. P., Arriola-Rios, V., & Sloman, A. (2011). How to build an information gathering and processing system: lessons from naturally and artificially intelligent systems. Behavioural Processes, 1–20. Monday, 27 June 2011 Our Three-stage Theory of Exploration Forming hypotheses Testing hypotheses Extending & refining hypotheses Demery, Z., Rios, V. E. A., Sloman, A., Wyatt, J., & Chappell, J. (2010). Construct to Understand : Learning through Exploration. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on AI-Inspired Biology (pp. 59–61). Presented at the Proceedings of the International Symposium on AI-Inspired Biology. Chappell, J., Demery, Z. P., Arriola-Rios, V., & Sloman, A. (2011). How to build an information gathering and processing system: lessons from naturally and artificially intelligent systems. Behavioural Processes, 1–20. Monday, 27 June 2011 Facets of exploration Monday, 27 June 2011 Facets of exploration Monday, 27 June 2011 Facets of exploration Monday, 27 June 2011 Facets of exploration Monday, 27 June 2011 Facets of exploration Monday, 27 June 2011 Facets of exploration ? Monday, 27 June 2011 Facets of exploration ? Monday, 27 June 2011 Facets of exploration ? Monday, 27 June 2011 Facets of exploration ? Monday, 27 June 2011 Sensory Exploration: a bird's perspective Demery, Z. P., Chappell, J., & Martin, G. R. (2011). Vision, touch and object manipulation in Senegal parrots Poicephalus senegalus. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 1–8. doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.0374 Monday, 27 June 2011 Sensory Exploration: a bird's perspective Demery, Z. P., Chappell, J., & Martin, G. R. (2011). Vision, touch and object manipulation in Senegal parrots Poicephalus senegalus. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 1–8. doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.0374 Monday, 27 June 2011 Sensory Exploration: a bird's perspective Demery, Z. P., Chappell, J., & Martin, G. R. (2011). Vision, touch and object manipulation in Senegal parrots Poicephalus senegalus. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 1–8. doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.0374 Monday, 27 June 2011 Sensory Exploration: a bird's perspective Demery, Z. P., Chappell, J., & Martin, G. R. (2011). Vision, touch and object manipulation in Senegal parrots Poicephalus senegalus. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 1–8. doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.0374 Monday, 27 June 2011 Sensory Exploration: a bird's perspective Demery, Z. P., Chappell, J., & Martin, G. R. (2011). Vision, touch and object manipulation in Senegal parrots Poicephalus senegalus. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 1–8. doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.0374 Monday, 27 June 2011 Sensory Exploration: a bird's perspective Monday, 27 June 2011 Sensory Exploration: a bird's perspective Monday, 27 June 2011 Sensory Exploration: a bird's perspective Monday, 27 June 2011 Sensory Exploration: a bird's perspective Monday, 27 June 2011 Cognitive Exploration: a robot's perspective 9 Colella, V., Klopfer, E., & Resnick, M. (2001). Adventures in Modeling: Exploring Complex, Dynamic Systems with StarLogo. Teachers College Press. Monday, 27 June 2011 Cognitive Exploration: a robot's perspective 9 Colella, V., Klopfer, E., & Resnick, M. (2001). Adventures in Modeling: Exploring Complex, Dynamic Systems with StarLogo. Teachers College Press. Monday, 27 June 2011 Cognitive Exploration: a robot's perspective 9 Colella, V., Klopfer, E., & Resnick, M. (2001). Adventures in Modeling: Exploring Complex, Dynamic Systems with StarLogo. Teachers College Press. Monday, 27 June 2011 Cognitive Exploration: a robot's perspective 9 Colella, V., Klopfer, E., & Resnick, M. (2001). Adventures in Modeling: Exploring Complex, Dynamic Systems with StarLogo. Teachers College Press. Monday, 27 June 2011 Behavioural Exploration: a child's perspective Monday, 27 June 2011 Behavioural Exploration: a child's perspective Push the ball from the top for it to roll out c Push the ball from the side for it to roll out Pull the ball from the top to retrieve it Pull at the ball from the side to retrieve it Monday, 27 June 2011 Behavioural Exploration: a child's perspective Mean exploration duration: how long did they play with it? Monday, 27 June 2011 Behavioural Exploration: a child's perspective Mean exploration duration: how long did they play with it? ** * Repeated ANOVA: ** = p <.001 * = p < .01 Monday, 27 June 2011 Behavioural Exploration: a child's perspective Mean number of different exploratory actions: how diverse was their play? Monday, 27 June 2011 Behavioural Exploration: a child's perspective Mean number of different exploratory actions: how diverse was their play? ** Repeated ANOVA: ** = p <.001 * = p < .01 Monday, 27 June 2011 Conclusion Monday, 27 June 2011 Conclusion • Studying exploration can reveal the underlying behavioural strategies different individuals use to gather information & solve different problems Monday, 27 June 2011 Conclusion • Studying exploration can reveal the underlying behavioural strategies different individuals use to gather information & solve different problems Should look at all aspects of a research question & use multiple techniques from different fields • Monday, 27 June 2011 Conclusion • Studying exploration can reveal the underlying behavioural strategies different individuals use to gather information & solve different problems Should look at all aspects of a research question & use multiple techniques from different fields Structured exploration: our three-stage theory • • Monday, 27 June 2011 Conclusion • Studying exploration can reveal the underlying behavioural strategies different individuals use to gather information & solve different problems Should look at all aspects of a research question & use multiple techniques from different fields Structured exploration: our three-stage theory Senses: how parrots perceive the world through visual fields & bill tip organ • • • Monday, 27 June 2011 Conclusion • Studying exploration can reveal the underlying behavioural strategies different individuals use to gather information & solve different problems Should look at all aspects of a research question & use multiple techniques from different fields Structured exploration: our three-stage theory Senses: how parrots perceive the world through visual fields & bill tip organ Cognition: using robots & simulations to test underlying cognition of exploration • • • • Monday, 27 June 2011 Conclusion • Studying exploration can reveal the underlying behavioural strategies different individuals use to gather information & solve different problems Should look at all aspects of a research question & use multiple techniques from different fields Structured exploration: our three-stage theory Senses: how parrots perceive the world through visual fields & bill tip organ Cognition: using robots & simulations to test underlying cognition of exploration Behaviour: designed a game-like task for children to look at saliency of functional/perceptual cues • • • • • Monday, 27 June 2011 Many thanks to... - Jackie Chappell (supervisor) - Graham Martin - Jolyon Troscianko - Abi Phillips - Emma Tecwyn - Susannah Thorpe - Natural History Museum at Tring - Aaron Sloman - Vero Rios - Rustam Stolen - Nick Hawse - Jeremy Wyatt - Sarah Beck - Ian Apperly - Alan Wing - Jack-in-the-Box Nursery - Little Hippos Nursery - Nelson Junior & Infant School 14 Monday, 27 June 2011 Any questions? Monday, 27 June 2011